Bunions (or hallux valgus) are very common. Bunions occur when the big toe moves towards the 2nd toe and or the big toe joint becomes enlarged on the top.
Bunions can change in shape and be of different sizes.
What causes bunions?
Bunions can start to develop in children or in later life. The cause is not fully understood. You are more likely to get a bunion if someone else in your family has one. Certain footwear may contribute to the development of bunions. Your foot type may play a part, how flexible your feet are and how strong the muscles are in your feet.
What problems can be expected?
Most people with bunions do not have any problems. Some people may get pain, swelling or hard skin. Footwear is the most common cause for bunions to become painful and swollen.
How can I self-manage with bunions?
Footwear
Wearing good footwear may help to ease the symptoms of pain and discomfort. Finding footwear that are deep and wide enough is important. Footwear should fit correctly to avoid them rubbing on the toe and causing pain. The shoe should be wide and rounded at the front of the foot and deep enough for your toes to move freely. Avoid wearing shoes that make the problem worse, such as high-heeled, pointed, or tight shoes. You may find that shoes with laces or straps are best, as they can be adjusted to the width of your foot. It is preferred that the shoe material is soft, stretches or is elasticated.
Lacing: Lacing the shoe differently can help create more room at the toe box. Missing out the lace holes at the end can create more width.
Padding: Padding (with foot felt or ‘chiropody’ felt available from pharmacists or online) along the length of the arch (not touching the bunion) can help take the pressure off the prominent bone.
Bunion night splints
Night splints can be effective if the joint is able to straighten (you are able to push your big toe into a straighter position). Night splints work best in children, the recommendation is that they are worn every night until the end of growth (16-18 years old). Bunion night splints are not provided on the NHS. These can be bought online for around £10.
When is surgery considered?
Surgery can be considered once the foot has reached maturity (16-18 years old). A surgical referral depends on what has been tried (such as footwear), the stage of the bunion, pain levels and the long-term impact on your quality of life. If surgery is required, your podiatrist can arrange this.
When do I need to see a podiatrist?
If have been unable to self-manage the symptoms and would like to discuss remaining options with a podiatrist. This can be as a telephone call or an in-person appointment.
Contact details
podiatry.requests@ncic.nhs.uk
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